In this blog post, we will examine, through specific examples and focusing on the narrative structure and main characters of this work, how Li Baojia satirized the conflicts between the Reformists and the revolutionaries, as well as between bureaucrats and Westerners. Overview Li Baojia (李寶嘉, 1867–1906), a native of Wuzhen, Jiangsu Province, was a writer in the late Qing Chinese literary...
Why is Yuan Zaju considered the starting point of traditional Chinese theater?
In this blog post, I will summarize and explain how the name, development process, script structure, musical system, and casting system of Yuan Zaju—which took shape during the Yuan Dynasty—combined to lay the foundation for subsequent traditional Chinese theater. Name and Formation The works discussed in this article are translations of Zaju (雜劇) plays written during the Yuan Dynasty...
Why is ‘The Scholars’ considered an autobiographical masterpiece that exposes a corrupt intellectual community?
In this blog post, we will examine how Oh Gyeong-jae’s ‘The Scholars’ bitingly satirized the corruption and contradictions of the Qing Dynasty’s intellectual community, and how this work has been reevaluated by academic circles in China and Korea. Introduction ‘Rulin Waishi’ is considered one of the six masterpieces representing Chinese classical fiction, alongside...
Why is Dōpo considered a hidden giant of modern Japanese literature?
In this blog post, we’ll explore how Dōpo’s concise writing style and detailed descriptions of scenery reveal a modern “inner world” and continue to resonate with us today. Why Dōpo? Although Doppo is often referred to as a pioneer of naturalism in the history of Japanese literature, he was in fact a leading figure in modern Japanese literature who forged his own path, unbound by any...
How did Kenzaburo Oe confront all the violence in the world after the birth of Hikari?
In this blog post, we’ll explore Kenzaburo Oe’s upbringing, his “personal experiences,” his major works, and how the figure of Hikari permeates his literature, peace activism, and social struggles. The Author’s Life Kenzaburo Oe was born in Ose Village, a mountain village in Ehime Prefecture, Japan, as the fifth of seven siblings, and from an early age, he loved telling stories to people...
How Should We Read Akutagawa’s Representative Short Stories?
In this blog post, I will examine Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s major short stories one by one to summarize the core themes of each work and offer guidance on how to approach them. Rashomon (1915) Although this work is more widely known through Akira Kurosawa’s film ‘Rashomon’, the setting of Rashomon carries strong symbolic significance in the original novel. While “In the...
What message did Lu Xun convey through ‘The True Story of Ah Q’?
In this blog post, we will examine the servile mentality of the common people, social contradictions, and the limitations of revolution through the lens of Lu Xun, a master of modern Chinese literature, and his masterpiece ‘The True Story of Ah Q’, and explore the sharp message he conveyed about his era through his work. Lu Xun (魯迅) was born on September 25, 1881, in Shaoxing...
What is Lu Xun’s identity, and how does ‘The True Story of Ah Q’ reflect the reform of the national character?
In this blog post, we will analyze Lu Xun’s complex identity and the issue of national character reform as depicted in ‘The True Story of Ah Q’, while examining the core questions raised by his literature. Introduction Research on Lu Xun (魯迅) and his literature has been consistently conducted by numerous scholars from various perspectives. In particular, efforts to define his...
Was Lu Xun a revolutionary, or a writer who loved humanity?
In this blog post, we’ll explore the life and literary world of Lu Xun, a master of modern Chinese literature, and reflect on why he is remembered as a revolutionary while also being a writer who harbored deep compassion for humanity. If Hu Shi (胡適) is compared to Korea’s Choi Nam-seon in the history of modern Chinese literature, Lu Xun (魯迅) played a pioneering role in modern poetry and...
How Did Lu Xun Seek to Awaken the Chinese People?
In this blog post, we will examine Lu Xun’s literary transformation—through which he sought to awaken the ailing spirit of the Chinese people—and the satire found in his masterpiece, ‘The True Story of Ah Q’. Lu Xun’s Transformation and the Birth of ‘A Cry’ Lu Xun (1881–1936) grew up in affluence as a child in a family of minor landowners belonging to the literati...